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Errors in Moving Coil Instruments The errors that usually occur in PMMC instruments are 1.        The frictional error. 2.        Temperature error. 3.        The error owing weakening of permanent magnet. 4.        Stray magnetic field error. 5.        Thermo-electric error. 6.        Observational error. 1.        The frictional Error: The friction of the pivot in the jewel produces a frictional torque which affects the instrument reading. This error is more serious for sensitive instruments designed for low operating torque. Remedy: The frictional error in PMMC instruments can be produced by providing proper pivoting and balancing i.e. these errors may be reduced by adopting a moving system of light construction and large deflecting torque. 2.      ...

This is  Interview question that every PLC programmer came across in his carrier.The Question is very tricky and shows the fundamentals (basic Ladder Laws) and depth of candidates knowledge. Today we are going to discuss PLC program for Push to ON device  and Push to Off Device.But the trick is that we have to use  only Normally open(NO) ,Normally Close (NC) contacts ,and Coil as output only(No timer,Counter, OSR ). In short there will be a single Push Button Input (X0) , and one Output (Y0). When user press Push button for 1st time output will be ON ,when user Presses Push Button for 2nd time output will be OFF. This is also called as "Push to On Push to Off " logic.Analogy can be provided with "TV" on and off Push Button.    We Can Break Sequence Like This : 1) Push Button Pressed (X0) ==> Output (Y0)On 2)Push Button Released (X0)==> Output (Y0) Latched 3)Push Button Pressed (X0)==> Output (Y0 )Off 4)Push Button Released (X0)==> Output (Y0) O...

Advantages and Disadvantages of Moving Coil Instruments Advantages: 1.        Uniform scale. 2.        High sensitivity 3.        Low power consumption. 4.        No hysteresis loss. 5.        Not much affected by stray magnetic fields. 6.        Very effective and efficient eddy current damping. 7.        High torque / weight ratio. 8.        Very accurate and reliable. 9.        Can be used in vertical and horizontal position due to spring control and 10.     Can be designed to cover a wide range of currents and voltages by using shunt and series resistances respectively Disadvantages: 1.        Can be used only for D.C measurements. 2.        Mo...

This post is for an antenna loading coil telex broadcast on freq. let us buy Simply put wrote specifically for the antenna loading coil at the store component telex, because loading the settings is still for freq 2 meter, we must slightly modify it. The trick is easy, just replace the existing loops. original about 5 convolution convolution continues we replace 10 with 1 to 1.5 mm diameter wire. for more details see the pictures. may be useful ..