My Light Diagram

This is a Simple Battery Charger with Automatic Switch-off Circuit Diagram . This lovely charger automatically switches off when your rechargeable batteries reach the full charge.The circuit comprises a bistable multivibrator wired around timer IC 555. The bistable output is fed to an ammeter (via diode D1) and pot meter VR1 before it goes to three Ni-Cd batteries that are to be charged. Battery Charger with Automatic Switch-off Circuit Diagram Normally, the full charge potential of an Ni-Cd cell is 1.2V. Trigger the bistable by pressing switch S1 and adjust potmeter VR1 for 60mA current through the ammeter. Now remove the ammeter and connect a jumper wire between its points ‘a’ and ‘b.’ Connect the positive output terminal of the batteries to the emitter of pnp transistor T1. The base of transistor T1 is held at 2.9V by adjusting potmeter VR2. The output of transistor T1 is inverted twice by npn transistors T2 and T3. Thus when the batteries are fully charged to 3×1.2V=3.6V, a voltag...

Receiver interference is hardly an unknown problem among model builders. Preventive measures in the form of ferrite beads fitted to servo cables are often seen in relatively large models and/or electrically driven models, to prevent the cables from acting as antennas and radiating interference to the receiver. If miniature ferrite beads are used for this purpose, the connector must be first be taken apart, after which the lead must be threaded through the bead (perhaps making several turns around the core) and then soldered back onto the connector. Project Image : Noise Suppression For R/C Receivers Image An interference source can also cause problems in the receiver via the power supply connection.The battery is normally connected directly to the receiver, with the servos in turn being powered from the receiver.  The servos can draw high currents when they operate, which means they can create a lot of noise on the supply line. This sort of interference can be kept under control b...

LCD; Moving Display & Custom Character : You can display your custom characters by using mikroc custom character tool. Go to tools>>customer character then make the character you want to display. After this click on 'generate code'. It will generate a customchar function just copy and paste above the main function. customchar has two parameters; row and position in that row. Just pass these parameters where you want to see your custom character on LCD. You can also move the text, left and right, on LCD screen; by using the LCD commands. _LCD_SHIFT_LEFT and   _LCD_SHIFT_RIGHT are the commands. There are various other commands in mikroc, i forget to tell you in lcd tutorial, these are: LCD Commands Now lets write a code to display and move the custom character, back and forth, (of your choice) on LCD screen. Code: // LCD module connections sbit LCD_RS at RB4_bit; sbit LCD_EN at RB5_bit; sbit LCD_D4 at RB0_bit; sbit LCD_D5 at RB1_bit; sbit LCD_D6 at RB2_bit; sbit LCD_D7 ...

Necessity of Parallel operation of D.C Generators It is usual to install several generators for smaller rating I a power station rather than one large unit capable of dealing with maximum demand. The major advantages of many units operating in parallel are: 1.        Service continuity: By having many units in the power station service continuity can be maintained, which is most essential for any power system, in case of breakdown of a particular unit, the rest of the units can meet the demand. 2.        Efficient working: The load on a power station generally fluctuates, being maximum during the evening hours and minimum during the night hours. A particular generator is most efficient when it is delivering power at or near its rated capacity. Thus are the time of light loads, only small units should be in operation. When the load on the station increases, more units can be operated in parallel with the earlier one. 3.  ...

Use of diodes as surge suppressors Contactors are generally designed in such a way that a slight contact welding during closing is forced open again by the back pressure springs of the contacts during de-energization. Diodes can reduce the drop-out speed of a magnet system to such an extend, that the abovementioned slight contact welding cannot not be opened anymore In the extreme case the low drop-out speed caused by the diode can lead to a so-called two-step drop-out. This means that following the first contact opening, another short, weak closing of the main contacts may happen during the breaking process. This second closing (during the arcing time) can lead to welded contacts. Since two-step drop-out cannot happen with size S00 3RT1 contactors, diodes as surge suppressors are offered for this size only. From size S0 upwards diode assemblies (series connection of diode and zener diode), RC-elements or varistor have to be used as surge suppressors. Some companies on the market o...

Receiver interference is hardly an unknown problem among model builders. Preventive measures in the form of ferrite beads fitted to servo cables are often seen in relatively large models and/or electrically driven models, to prevent the cables from acting as antennas and radiating interference to the receiver. If miniature ferrite beads are used for this purpose, the connector must be first be taken apart, after which the lead must be threaded through the bead (perhaps making several turns around the core) and then soldered back onto the connector. An interference source can also cause problems in the receiver via the power supply connection.  The battery is normally connected directly to the receiver, with the servos in turn being powered from the receiver. The servos can draw high currents when they operate, which means they can create a lot of noise on the supply line. This sort of interference can be kept under control by isolating the supply voltage for the receiver from the s...

Timers Both PIC16f887 and 877 have three timers; timer 0, timer 1, and timer 2. Timer 0 is 8-bit and can also be use as counter, Timer 1 is 16-bit timer as well as a counter, where as Timer 2 is 8-bit timer and can be used as the PWM time base for the PWM mode of the CCP module(s).  Timer 0: The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following features: 8-bit timer/counter Readable and writable 8-bit software programmable prescaler Internal or external clock select Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h Edge select (rising or falling) for external clock Timer mode is selected by clearing bit T0CS (OPTION_REG<5>). In Timer mode, the Timer0 module will increment every instruction cycle (without prescaler). Counter mode is selected by setting bit T0CS (OPTION_REG<5>). In Counter mode, Timer0 will increment either on every rising or falling edge of pin RA4/T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by the Timer0 Source Edge Select bit, T0SE (OPTION_REG<4>). Clearing bit T...