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The circuit charger is equipped with voltage output settings , so that we can regulate how much voltage to charge the battery. And the settings using the potentio making it easier for us managing voltage up to a mV. See charger circuit below : Adjust the circuit by setting the 500 Ohm resistor while it is attached to a fully charged battery. You can use the circuit to charge : Cells battery Wet Accu Dry Accu Nicad battery Solar battery

A universal requirement for automotive electronics is that any device with direct connections to the wiring harness must be able to withstand shorts to the battery voltage. Though brutal, this requirement is necessary for reliability and for safety. One example of the need for this protection is an audio amplifier that produces indicator noises in the automotive interior. Though operating from a voltage of 3.3 or 5V, which is lower than the battery voltage, the amplifier must be able to stand off the full battery voltage. You can also use a protection network appropriate for these amplifiers for other automotive circuits (Figure 1). A dual N-channel MOSFET disconnects the amplifier’s outputs from the wiring harness in response to a high-voltage condition on either output. The MOSFETs, Q1A and Q1B, are normally on; zener diode D4 and its bias components drive the MOSFETs’ gates to approximately 11V. Dual diode D3 provides a diode-OR connection to the dc voltage on each output, thereby p...

Build a Voltage to Frequency Converter Circuit Diagram 3 . The input voltage, V1, causes C1 to charge and produce a ramp voltage at the output of the 741 op amp. Diodes D1 and D2 are four-layer devices. When the voltage across C1 reaches the breakover voltage of either diode, the diode conducts to discharge C1 rapidly and the op amp output goes abruptly to zero. This rapid discharge action applies a narrow pulse to G1 and G2. Positive discharge pulses produced by a positive V1 are coupled to the output only through G1, while negative pulses are coupled only through G2.  Because of the forward break-over current of diodes D1 and D2, the circuit won`t operate below a minimum input voltage. An increase of R1 increases this minimum voltage and reduces the circuit`s dynamic range. The minimum input voltage with R1 at 1 Kn is in the range of 10 to 50 m V. This input dead zone, when input signal V1 is near zero is desirable in applications that require a signal to exceed a certain level b...

If you want to check the behaviour of an electronic circuit at low voltages, an adjustable power supply as shown here may be helpful. Powered from a 3 to 16 volts source (DC for sure), it will provide a stable output voltage in the 0 to 1.5 V range. Adjustable Low-voltage Power Supply Circuit Diagram Multiturn trimpot P1 allows the output volt-age to be adjusted with good precision. The BC337-400 output transistor raises the out-put current to about 200 mA bearing in mind that the minimum supply voltage is 3.5 V. The transistor’s dissipation should be taken into account, and a more power ful t ype used if necessary. T1 may be omitted and R2 replaced with a wire link if you are happy with 3 mA at 3 volts out, 10 mA at 6 V or 20-30 mA at 10-16 V. These values represent the maximum output current of the TLC271 op amp. Without T1, the minimum supply voltage is 3.0 V. Author:Vladimir Mitrovic - Copyright: Elektor

This circuit voltage inverter was designed using common electronic components, it produces a negative voltage from a positive. It is very simple, its operation is reasonable and can be used in different utilities in electronics where one has to inverts tensions of a wave. Inverter Voltage Wave Circuit Diagram

This is a short  High Voltage Generator Circuit Diagram of a high voltage generator and can be mounted in a small space and powered by rechargeable or simple batteries, the circuit generates a voltage low current but a high turn-on of about 200 to 400 V harmless to humans, of course, but is able to give a pretty nasty shock.   High Voltage Generator Circuit Diagram Here is a project that could be useful this summer on the beach, to prevent anyone touching your things left on your beach towel while you was swimming, you can equally well use it in the office or workshop when you return to work. It operates as a low frequency oscillator, which makes it possible to convert the battery voltage into a DC voltage alternating current that can be enhanced through the transformer.  Using a transformer with center tap as herein makes possible the construction of a Hartley oscillator transistor T1 around The output voltage can be used directly through R2 and R3 current limiting...

  Do not touch the LIVE side GND or the LIVE side GND and the ISOLATED (NEUTRAL) side GND simultaneously. If the above caution is not respected, an electric shock may be caused. Therefore, make sure that the power cord is surely removed from the receptacle when, for example, the chassis is pulled out.   Do not short between the LIVE side GND and ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) side GND or never measure with a measuring apparatus measure with a measuring apparatus ( oscilloscope, etc.) the LIVE side GND and ISOLATED (NEUTRAL) side GND at the same time.  If the above precaution is not respected, a fuse or any parts will be broken. Click on the pictures to magnify PWB Voltage chart

The car cigarette lighter socket does not only light cigarettes, but can be utilized as an electrical channel for powering tools to work on the car such as laptops and other electronic devices. The following circuit diagram shows a way of powering a two-way mobile radio using the LM317T voltage regulator. The LM317 T is an adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulator that efficiently provides a load current of 1.5 Amps over an output range of 1.2 V and 37 V. With reference to the circuit, it can accept 14 volts without any hassle and the voltage can be controlled easily with the use of a potentiometer, a 3-terminal resister with sliding contact. The whole circuit will contain the following components:  Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Resistor 1 (R1): 270 ohms Resistor 2 (R2): 2K carbon potentiometer Capacitor 1 (C1): 100nF Capacitor 2 (C2): 1uF tantalum LM317T Voltage Regulator Heat Sink DC Power Jacks Green LED: Power Red LED: Over Voltage Zener Diode: over voltage LED switch The ...

Build a Voltage-Controlled Attenuator VC Using FET. Using the circuit shown in the schematic diagram below, we can control the low-level audio signals with ±3V variable DC voltage. This attenuator circuit uses a field effect transistor (FET) to shunt the signal to ground. The R2 is used to control the output level (the attenuation level), but you can use other source of voltage signal to control the grid of the FET, such as DAC output, just remember that this voltage is a negative going signal (you can use with DAC which uses symmetric power supply system). The minimum output of this circuit is when gate bias is zero. When the gate bias is set close to pinchoff value, the circuit will produce maximum output with value that equal to input level. Here is the schematic diagram of the circuit: Voltage-Controlled Attenuator VC Using FET Circuit Diagram