My Light Diagram

This is a very simple Electronic Circuit Project for LED Circuit Project Using with 555 IC. This circuit LED reproduces the first LED sequence at this time used by FISA on behalf of Formula single racing. It may perhaps be alive used with slot car sets (such for example HO shin up AFX/Life Like/Tyco sets) or else means of communication controlled cars. IC1, a 555 timer IC, is used as a watch pulse generator. Its output is fed via NAND gates IC2a and IC2c to IC3, a 4024 binary counter. IC2b inverts the O4 output of 4024 binary counter IC3. originally, IC3 is reset and all its outputs are low, together with O4, which causes IC2b to present-day a rational climax to the pin 8 input of IC2c which after that passes pulses from the 555 timer circuit to the clock input of the 4024. IC3 then begins together with. LED Circuit Project Using with 555 IC: Following the count has reached binary 1111, the subsequently pulse sends the O4 output of IC3 high, which disables IC2c and IC3 stops with. The...

             The need for a device that can detect and extinguish a fire on its own is long past due. Many house fires originate when someone is either sleeping or not home. With the invention of such a device, people and property can be saved at a much higher rate with relatively minimal damage caused by the fire. Our task is  to design and build a prototype system that could autonomously detect and extinguish a fire.             The system uses a fire detector module which gives analog output voltage according to the intensity of fire.The detector is rotated through 180 degree using a servomotor which gives wide angle for detection.When fire is sensed,the Robot is redirected to the position of fire and the pump is turned on.Water is pumped till the sensor detects no fire.

This add-on board is designed to provide a pair of balanced audio outputs for the High-Quality Stereo DAC (Digital to Analog Converter). Two 3-pin male XLR connectors are used for the new outputs and they can either replace or augment the existing unbalanced outputs without affecting their performance. Balanced audio is used in recording studios and on stage because of its improved noise immunity. Picture of the project:      This is due to the fact that the signal is sent differentially (ie, as two signals 180° out of phase) and then converted to a single-ended voltage signal at the far end. If any noise is picked up in the cable, it affects the two out-of-phase signals equally so that when the signals are subsequently subtracted, most of the noise is eliminated. Parts layout: In addition, the DAC’s performance at the balanced outputs generally exceeds that of the unbalanced outputs, although only by a small margin. The signal-to-noise ratio, frequency response and chann...

This is a simple Project of 12 VDC Fluorescent Lamp Driver Circuit Diagram . A number of people have been unable to find the transformer needed for the Black Light project, so I looked around to see if I could find a fluorescent lamp driver that does not require any special components. I finally found one in Electronics Now. Here it is. It uses a normal 120 to 6V step down transformer in reverse to step 12V to about 350V to drive a lamp without the need to warm the filaments. 12 VDC Fluorescent Lamp Driver Circuit Digram Notes Q1 must be installed on a heat sink. A 240V to 10V transformer will work better then the one in the parts list.  The problem is that they are hard to find.This circuit can give a nasty (but not too dangerous) shock. Be careful around the output leads. Parts Part Total Qty. Description Substitutions C1 1 100uf 25V Electrolytic Capacitor C2,C3 2 0.01uf 25V Ceramic Disc Capacitor C4 1 0.01uf 1KV Ceramic Disc Capacitor R1 1 1K 1/4W Resistor R2 1 2.7K 1/4W Resist...

In the previous post, we set about making a replacement decal for the neck on this vintage Hofner Colorama II. Before we lacquer the neck, we need to apply the decal. The decal is printed on special laser waterslide decal paper. This paper just prints on a standard laser printer. It’s also possible to get inkjet waterslide decal paper, but just note that an inkjet printout requires that you spray a layer of lacquer over the printed decal before you let it anywhere near water. So first we put some not-too-hot/not-too-cold water in a little dish and place the decal in there, making sure to submerge it. After a minute or so you will notice that it starts to separate from the paper. You can test this by seeing if it will slide around on the paper, but don’t force it too much. While we are waiting for the decal to reach this separation stage, it’s a good idea to spread just a little bit of water on the area where we will apply the decal. This helps to prep the surface for what is to come. O...

This is the 1.5V to 5V/12V DC/DC Converter with LT1073 Project. Small 1.5V to 5V or 12V DC/DC converter with LT1073 chip. The IC is available in three different versions, depending on output voltage. Two with fixed output voltage of 5V and 12V, and the most interesting that can be adjusted. The adjustment is done through a voltage divider with two resistors, of mass, output and Terminal 8, internally connected to the voltage comparator IC, which is responsible for stabilizing the output voltage. LT1073 has an internal everything you need to make a small DC / DC converter with a low operating voltage of only 95μA 1V and consumption without load. If you do not have a meter inductance, the inductive part of the drive is a bit more complicated to make, but we shall see some possible solutions. Capacitor also recommended by the manufacturer for the circuit is a bit hard to get, I have used a tantalum recovered from another power source, and the ripple voltage at the output is quite low....

Project of Water Level Indicator Circuit Diagram.Simple, two-wire, remote monitoring unit, Three-LED level display, 9V battery powered. The whole project was developed on a friend's request. Its purpose was to remotely monitor the water-level in a metal tank located in the attic by means of a very simple control unit placed in the kitchen, some floors below. Mains requirements were: No separate supply for the remote circuit Main and remote units connected by a thin two-wire cable Simple LED display for the main unit Battery operation to avoid problems related to mains supply and water proximity As the circuit was battery operated a low current consumption was obviously welcomed The very small remote unit is placed near the tank and measures the water level in three ranges by means of two steel rods. Each range will cover one third of the tank capacity: Almost empty - signaled by means of a red LED (D3) in the control unit display About half-level - signaled by means of a yellow L...

A temperature sensor and a hot transistor hold biological samples at a preset temperature. It is common to use transistors for driving resistive heating elements. However, you can use the heat that a power transistor dissipates to advantage in several situations, eliminating the need for a separate heating element because most transistors can safely operate at temperatures as high as 100°C. A typical example is in a biological laboratory, in which the need for maintaining the temperature of samples in microliter-sized cuvettes is a common requirement. The space/geometry constraint and the less-than-100°C upper-temperature limit are the basic factors of the idea. Electronic Circuit Project Use a Transistor as a Heater: Figure 1. IC1 senses the temperature of the item that Q2 heats, and the temperature remains at the level that VR1 sets. You can use an N-channel IRF540 MOSFET to directly heat and control the temperature of a biological sample from ambient to 45°C. Figure 1 shows a simple...

Project of Mains Frequency Monitor Circuit Diagram. Here is a simple frequency counter designed to monitor the 240VAC mains supply. It as a frequency range of 0-999Hz, so it could also be used with 400Hz equipment. Standard TTL/CMOS logic is employed for the counters and display drivers, while an ELM446 (IC1) generates accurate 1Hz pulses for gating. This device utilizes a 3.579545MHz crystal for its timebase, as commonly found in TV and video circuits and even on old PC motherboards. Mains Frequency Monitor Circuit Diagram : Mains Frequency Monitor Circuit Diagram Copyright: Silicon Chip Electronics Magazine

The operation of the converter is based on the weighted adding and transferring of the analogue input levels and the digital output levels. It consists of comparators and resistors. In theory, the number of bits is unlimited, but each bit needs a comparator and several coupling resistors. The diagram shows a 4-bit version. The value of the resistors must meet the following criteria: R1:R2 = 1:2; R3:R4:R5 = 1:2:4; R6:R7:R8:R9 = 1:2:4:8. The linearity of the converter depends on the degree of precision of the value of the resistors with respect to the resolution of the converter, and on the accuracy of the threshold voltage of the comparators. This threshold level must be equal, or nearly so, to half the supply voltage. Moreover, the comparators must have as low an output resistance as possible and as high an input resistance with respect to the load resistors as feasible. Any deviation from these requirements affects the linearity of the converter adversely. Digital Converter to 4-Bit ...

This is the simplest Sub woofer Low Pass filter Circuit using uA741 single op amp ic . The circuit is very low cost with respect to their work. The cut off frequency of this circuit is 25Hz to 80Hz maximum. Using this circuit , you can easily design a 2.1 Sub-woofer Speaker System at your own Home. The circuit contains very few components.In Pakistan, the cost of this circuit with PCB is Rs:45 The same circuit is working in my own hand made sub-woofer system. Parts List:   R1,R3,R4 = 10K 1/4W R2=100K 1/4W CY1,CY2 = 0.22uF Polyester C1,C2 = 10uF/25V Electrolytic IC1 = uA741A Single Op-Amp Ic + 8 Pin Ic Socket 3 Pin Male & Female Connector x 2 2 Pin Male & Female Connector x 1 PCB as in required size 4.5 cm x 3.4 cm

Build a simple Project of Overtone Crystal Oscillator Circuit Diagram. A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency.   Overtone Crystal Oscillator Circuit Diagram This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches), to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillator s, but other piezoelectric materials including polycrystalline ceramics are used in similar circuits..  This oscillator is designed for overtone crystals in the 20-100 MHz range operating in the third and fifth mode. Operating frequency is determined by the tuned circuit.

This circuit passes frequencies in the 300Hz - 3.1kHz range, as present in human speech. The circuit consists of cascaded high-pass and low-pass filters, which together form a complete band-pass filter. One half of a TL072 dual op amp (IC1a) together with two capacitors and two resistors make up a second-order Sallen-Key high-pass filter. With the values shown, the cut-off frequency (3dB point) is around 300Hz. As the op amp is powered from a single supply rail, two 10kO resistors and a 10µF decoupling capacitor are used to bias the input (pin 5) to one-half supply rail voltage. Voice Bandwidth Filter Circuit Diagram   Voice Bandwidth Filter Circuit Diagram The output of IC1a is fed into the second half of the op amp (IC1b), also configured as a Sallen-Key filter. However, this time a low-pass function is performed, with a cut-off frequency of about 3.1kHz. The filter component values were chosen for Butterworth response characteristics, providing maximum pass-band flatness. Overal...

This is a simple Electronic Circuit Project of Sun-Tracker circuit. In solar cell array applications and solar instrumentation, it is desirable to monitor the approximate position of the sun to allow efficient automatic alignment. The Ll4Gllens can provide about 15° of accuracy in a simple level sensing circuit, and a full hemisphere can be monitored with about 150 phototransistors. Electronic Circuit Project of Sun-Tracker Circuit Diagram: The sun provides `` 80 mW/cm2 to the L14Gl when on the centerline. This will keep the output down to,; 0.5 V for f),; 7.5°. The sky provides `` 0.5 mW/cm2 to the Ll4G1 and will keep the output greater than 10 V when viewed. White douds viewed from above can lower this voltage to `` 5 Von some devices. This circuit can directly drive TTL logic by using the 5-V supply and changing the load resistor to 430 0. Different bright objects can also be located with the same type of circuitry simply by adjusting the resistor values to provide the desired se...

This is a simple Digital Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulator Circuit Project. Current generated flows through clips placed on the earlobes Output current adjustable from 80 to 600 micro Amperes. Owing to the recent launching in Europe of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) portable sets, we have been "Electronically Stimulated" in designing a similar circuit for the sake of hobbyists. CES is the most popular technique for electrically boosting brain power, and has long been prescribed by doctors, mainly in the USA, for therapeutic reasons, including the treatment of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and chemical dependency. CES units generate an adjustable current (80 to 600 microAmperes) that flows through clips placed on the earlobes.  The waveform of this device is a 400 milliseconds positive pulse followed by a negative one of the same duration, then a pause of 1.2 seconds. The main frequency is 0.5 Hz, i.e. a double pulse every 2 seconds. Some people report that this kin...

 This is a Simple Baud Rate Generator Circuit Project. In this article, an RC oscillator is used as a baud rate generator. If you can calibrate the frequency of such a circuit sufficiently accurately (within a few percent) using a frequency meter, it will work very well. However, it may well drift a bit after some time, and then…. Consequently, here we present a small crystal-controlled oscillator. If you start with a crystal frequency of 2.45765 MHz and divide it by multiples of 2, you can very nicely obtain the well-known baud rates of 9600, 4800, 2400, 600, 300, 150 and 75. If you look closely at this series, you will see that 1200 baud is missing, since divider in the 4060 has no Q10 output!  Baud Rate Generator Circuit Diagram If you do not need 1200 baud, this is not a problem. However, seeing that 1200 baud is used in practice more often than 600 baud, we have put a divide-by-two stage in the circuit after the 4060, in the form of a 74HC74 flip-flop. This yields a simila...

This is a simple project of Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF) Receiver Circuit diagram. Super heterodyne receivers have been mass-produced since around 1924, but for reasons of cost did not become successful until the 1930s. Before the second world war other, simpler receiver technologies such as the TRF receiver and the regenerative receiver were still widespread. Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF) Receiver Circuit diagram :   Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF) Receiver Circuit Diagram The circuit described here is based on the old technology, but brought up-to-date a The most important part of the circuit is the input stage, where positive feedback is used to achieve good sensitivity and selectivity. The first stage is adjusted so that it is not quite at the point of oscillation. This increases the gain and the selectivity, giving a narrow bandwidth. To achieve this, the potentiometer connected to the drain of the FET must be adjusted very carefully: optimal performance of the receiver depends on ...

Download PDF version of this page  A magnet under the train operates reed switches positioned on the track. The first reed switch changes the signal to red as the train passes, then further along the track a second reed switch changes the signal back to green ready for the next train. The isolated section of track just in front of the signal is switched off by the relay when the signal is red so a train will stop automatically at the red signal. This project uses a 555 bistable circuit. Parts Required resistors: 1k ×2, 33k ×2 capacitors: 220µF 1N4001 diode 1N4148 diode red LED (3mm best) green LED (3mm best) 555 timer IC 8-pin DIL socket for IC push-switch ×2 reed switch ×2 relay SPCO 12V coil miniature magnet - each locomotive needs one stripboard 11 rows × 24 holes Stripboard layout Track connections Connect the reed switches to push-switches A and B (see the stripboard layout). The switches can be held in place between the rails with a small piece of blu tac. Conn...

This is a electronic HQ Notch Filter Without Close-Tolerance Components Project . A notch for a narrow frequency band of a few per cent or even less normally requires close-tolerance components. At least, that’s what we thought until we came across a special opamp IC from Maxim. In filters with steep slopes, the component tolerances will interact in the complex frequency response. This effect rules out the use of standard tolerance components if any useful result is to be achieved. The circuit shown here relocates the issue of the value-sensitive resistors that determine the filter response from ‘visible’ resistors to ready available integrated circuits which also make the PCB layout for the filter much simpler. The operational amplifiers we’ve in mind contain laser-trimmed resistors that maintain their nominal value within 1‰ or less. For the same accuracy, the effort that goes into matching individual precision resistors would be far more costly and time consuming. The desired notch (...

      The project aims to develop a FingerPrint based ATM  Accessing System in which user can make their transactions by fingerprints.  Fingerprint recognition or fingerprint authentication refers to the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to identify individuals and verify their identity. A fingerprint sensor is an DSP based electronic device used to capture a digital image of the fingerprint pattern. The captured image is digitally processed to create a biometric template (a collection of extracted features) which is stored and used for matching.       We can use PIC16F877A CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller for this project. The microcontroller provides necessary commands for fingerprint searching in the sensor module. In this project, it uses two verification techniques(for more security), the user needs to enter their user name and password, ...