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Simple DCF77 Preamplifier Circuit Diagram . A popular project among microcontroller aficionados is to build a radio-controlled clock. Tiny receiver boards are available, with a pre-adjusted ferrite antenna, that receive and demodulate the DCF77 time signal broadcast from Mainf lingen in Germany. DCF77 has a range of about 1,000 miles. All the microcontroller need do is decode the signal and output the results on a display. The reception quality achieved by these ready-made boards tends to be proportional to their price. In areas of marginal reception a higher quality receiver is needed, and a small selective preamplifier stage will usually improve the situation further. The original ferrite antenna is desoldered from the receiver module and connected to the input of the preamplifier. This input consists of a source follower (T1) which has very little damping effect on the resonant circuit. A bipolar transistor (T2) provides a gain of around 5 dB. The output signal is coupled to the ant...

Circuit Diagram Description Please agenda that the blueprint for this amp has been upgraded, and it is now recommended for connected aerial ability into 4 Ohms, but You will charge to go to extremes with the heatsink ( fan cooling is awful recommended). It was originally advised for “light” alternate duty, acceptable for an equalised subwoofer arrangement (for archetype application the ELF assumption – see the Project Page for the advice on this circuit). Where connected aerial ability is required, addition 4 achievement transistors are recommended, active in the aforementioned way as Q9, Q10, Q11 and Q12, and application 0.33 ohm emitter resistors. Continuous ability into 8 ohms is about over 150W (250W for ±70V supplies), and it can be acclimated after added transistors at abounding ability into an 8 ohm amount all day, every day. The added transistors are alone bare if you appetite to do the aforementioned affair into 4 ohms at best accumulation voltage! Do not alike anticipate...

When the SDA (Serial DAta) lines on both the left and right lines are 1, the circuit is quiescent and optoisolators IC1 and IC2 are not actuated. When the SDA line at the left becomes 0, current flows through the LED in IC1 via R2. The SDA line at the right is then pulled low via D2 and IC1. Optoisolator IC2 does not transfer this 0 to the left, because the polarity of the LED in IC2 is the wrong way around for this level. This arrangement prevents the circuit holding itself in the 0 state for ever. As is seen, the circuit is symmetrical. So, when the SDA line at the right is 0, this is transferred to the left. The lower part of the diagram, intended for the SCL (Serial CLock) line, is identical to the upper part. Electrical Isolation For I2C Bus Circuit diagram : Electrical Isolation For I2C Bus Circuit Diagram Resistors R1, R4, R5, and R8, are the usual 3.3 kΩ pull-up resistors that are obligatory in each I2C line. If these resistors are already present elsewhere in the system, they...

Although a simple crystal oscillator may be built from one comparator of an LT1720/LT1721, this will suffer from a number of inherent shortcomings and design problems. Although the LT1720/LT1721 will give the correct logic output when one input is outside the common mode range, additional delays may occur when it is so operated, opening the possibility of spurious operating modes. Therefore, the DC bias voltages at the inputs have to be set near the center of the LT1720/LT1721’s common mode range and a resistor is required to attenuate the feedback to the non-inverting input. Unfortunately, although the output duty cycle for this circuit is roughly 50%, it is affected by resistor tolerances and, to a lesser extent, by comparator offsets and timings. Comparator Based Crystal Oscillator Circuit Diagram If a 50% duty cycle is required, the circuit shown here creates a pair of complementary outputs with a forced 50% duty cycle. Crystals are narrow-band elements, so the feedback to the non...

How to Build a Simple Audio Amplifier 2800W Circuit Diagram . This is a Mono high power amplifier is actually a powerful 1400 W, but if this high power amplifier circuit is doubled and you want to create stereo, high power amplifier the necessary components and pcb requires two-fold. So if the stereo high power amplifier 2 X 1400W. Schematic Circuit diagram is still less by looking at the circuit that was so below, the finished circuit has been added with a gains using JRC4558 IC by the two and the picture ic where it can be seen below.  For circuit buffers, drivers, and booster use multiple transistors and other components (can be seen listed component). And high power amplifier project that is so below is just part of the buffer and driver while the booster has not been made​​. For additional transistors in the booster or high power amplifier end scheme can be found Booster output power amplifier.  Audio Amplifier 2800W Circuit Diagram Part List : Resistor R1_____560Ω R2___...

This is the simple MAX231 RS-232C LED Circuit Diagram. Use a pair of Maxim`s 5V-powered MAX231 RS-232C transmitters as drivers to obtain a 2-color LED. The transmitters require only a singleended, 5-V input to generate ± 10 V internally. MAX231 RS-232C LED Circuit Diagram Their outputs are short-circuit-proof and can supply as much as 10 mA-enough to drive most LEDs. Depending on which LED you select, their currentlimiting feature might also eliminate the need for external series resistors. Sourced By: Streampowers.blogspot.com

A different Electronic Security Door Key Circuit Diagram of electronic lock very simple, one and does not need a lot of materials in order to it is manufactured. The right keys of code should be stepped with the right line, so that is activated the optocupler IC2. If from error is stepped switch that does not belong in the combination, then the lock is trapped. In order to we restore the regular operation of lock, it should we press switches S1 or S12.  Read : Heat Detector Alarm using UM3561   Electronic Security Door Key Circuit Diagram Switch S1 makes Reset of lock externally and the S12 internally, the door. The Code the circuit as he is connected it is 147 and it can change, very easily, changing the connections in the switches of keyboard. The optocupler IC2, can drive any exterior circuit as Relay etc, ensuring simultaneously electric isolation the two circuits. The circuit can be also supplied from a battery 9V. Read : Radio Wave Alarm Part List   ...

A voltage regulator is used to produce a constant linear output voltage. It’s generally used with AC to DC power supply. And also it can be used as well as a DC to DC voltage converter . To regulating low voltage, most used device is one single IC. 7805, 7812, 7905 etc. 78xx series are design for positive and 79xx series are for Negative voltage regulator. 7805 is a three terminal +5v voltage regulator IC from 78XX chips family. See 7805 pinout below. LM78XX series are from National Semiconductor. They are linear positive voltage regulator IC; used to produce a fixed linear stable output voltage.  National Semiconductor has also negative voltage regulator chips family, they indicate with LM 79XX. 78xx is used more than 79xx because negative voltage has a few usability purposes as we see. I was previously posted a 5v regulated power supply circuit using 7805 IC , that circuit and this 7805 voltage regulator circuit is almost the same. 7805 Voltage Regulator Circuit Diagram ...

Metal Detector Schematic Circuit Diagram The ambit declared actuality is that of a metal detector. The opera- tion of the ambit is based on superheterodyning assumption which is frequently acclimated in superhet receivers. The ambit utilises two RF oscillators. The frequencies of both oscillators are anchored at 5.5 MHz. The aboriginal RF oscillator comprises transistor T1 (BF 494) and a 5.5MHz bowl clarify frequently acclimated in TV sound-IF section. The additional oscillator is a Colpitt�s oscillator realised with the advice of transistor T3 (BF494) and inductor L1 (whose architecture capacity follow) shunted by trimmer capacitor VC1. These two oscillators� frequencies (say Fx and Fy) are alloyed in the mixer transistor T2 (another BF 494) and the aberration or the exhausted abundance (Fx-Fy) achievement from beneficiary of transistor T2 is affiliated to detector date absolute diodes D1 and D2 (both OA 79). The achievement is a pulsating DC which is anesthetized through a low-pass c...

This is a Simple Active crossover Circuit Diagram with TL074. An audio source, like a mixer, preamp, EQ, or a recorder, is fed to the input of the Electronic Crossover Circuit. This signal is either AC or coupling, depending on the setting of switch 51, the non-inverting input of buffer amplifier Ul-a, a section of a quad BIFET, low amp TL074 noise made by Texas Instruments op. This stage has a gain of 2, and its output is distributed to both a low pass filter made by R4, R5, C2, C3, and Uld op-amp, and a high-pass filter made by R6, R7, C4, C5, and op amp ULC.  These are12 dB / octave Butterworth filters. The response of the Butterworth filter was chosen because it gives the best compromise between the damping and phase. The values of capacitors and resistors varies depending on the selected connection that your device works. The filter outputs are fed to a balancing network made by R8, R9, RIO, R14 and potentiometer RLL balance. When the potentiometer is at its center position, t...

It’s entirely logical that low-cost miniature microcontrollers have fewer ‘legs’ than their bigger brothers and sisters – sometimes too few. The author has given some consideration to how to economise on pins, making them do the work of several. It occurred that one could exploit the high impedance feature of a tri-state output. In this way the signal produced by the high impedance state could be used for example as a CS signal of two ICs or else as a RD/ WR signal.  Circuit diagram: Multitasking Pins Circuit Diagram All we need are two op-amps or comparators sharing a single operating voltage of 5 V and outputs capable of reaching full Low and High levels in 5-V operation (preferably types with rail-to-rail outputs). Suitable examples to use are the LM393 or LM311.The resistances in the voltage dividers in this circuit are uniformly 10 kilo ohms. Consequently input A lies at half the operating voltage (2.5 V), assuming nothing is connected to the input – or the microcontroller pi...

This is the Simple Alkaline Cell Charger Circuit Diagram . This charger works as two channel current limited voltage source 1.6 V. Low charge current allows charging deep discharged cells (0.7 - 0.8 V) and non-rechargeable cells. Charge current can be changed by R9 and R10. With 470 Ohm is approx 7 mA. LED1 and LED indicates when cell voltage reached 1.6 V and cell is fully charged.  If power supply is disconnected, reverse discharging current is negligibly (less than 1 microA). For this feature is operational amplifier type LM324 recommended or similar type with p-n-p transistor on input. Non-rechargeable cells can be charged, but their capacity will be significantly less than rechargeable cells Alkaline Cell Charger Circuit Diagram     Parts list R1 2,2 kohm R2 10 kohm R3 2,7 kohm R4 15 kohm R5, R6 5,6 kohm R7, R8 22 kohm (viz text) / depend on R9, R10 (approx. 50 times greater than R9, R10) R9, R10 470 ohm (see text) / change charge current R11,...

This is the Simple  RF Transmitter for PIR Sensors Circuit Diagram.

Designed for self-powered 8, 4 & 2 Ohm loudspeakers, Bass-boost switch This amplifier was designed to be self-contained in a small loudspeaker box. It can be feed by Walkman, Mini-Disc, iPod and CD players, computers and similar devices fitted with line or headphone output. Of course, in most cases you will have to make two boxes to obtain stereo. The circuit was deliberately designed using no ICs and in a rather old-fashioned manner in order to obtain good harmonic distortion behavior and to avoid hard to find components. The amplifier(s) can be conveniently supplied by a 12V wall plug-in adapter.Closing SW1 a bass-boost is provided but, at the same time, volume control must be increased to compensate for power loss at higher frequencies. . Circuit diagram : 2W Amplifier Circuit Diagram Parts: P1----------10K R1----------33K R2----------33K R3----------33R R4----------15K R5----------1K R6----------1K R7----------680R R8----------120R-1/2W R9----------100R-1/2W Trimmer Cermet C1 ...

This is a Digital (VFD) With CA3207 and CA3208 Circuit Diagram. A vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) is a display device used commonly on consumer-electronics equipment such as video cassette recorders, car radios, and microwave ovens. This circuit uses the CA3207 sequence driver and CA3208 segment latch-driver in combination to drive display devices of up to 14 segments with up to 14 characters of display. The CA3207 selects the digit or character to be displayed in sequence, CA3208 turns on the required alphanumeric segments. Digital (VFD) With CA3207 and CA3208 Circuit Diagram

This is a one watt home stereo amplifier module project using the KA2209 IC from Samsung, which is equivalent to the TDA2822. It operates from 3-12V DC & will work from a battery since the dormant current drain is low. It requires no heat sink for normal use. The input & output are both ground referenced. Maximum output will be obtained with a 12V power supply & 8 ohm speaker, however it is suitable for driving headphones from a supply as low as 3V. The Specifications of the home stereo amplifier : D.C. input : 3 – 12 V at 200 – 500 mA max Idle current : approx. 10 mA Power output : > 1 Watt max. 4-8 ohms, 12V DC Freq. Resp. : approx. 40 Hz to 200 kHz, 8 ohm, G=10 THD : < 1 % @ 750 mW, 4-8 ohm, 12V Gain : approx. x10 (20 dB) OR x100 (40dB) S/N ratio : > 80 dB, G = 20 dB Sensitivity : < 300 mV, G = 20 dB Input Impedance : approx. 10 k ohm Description   The gain is adjustable from ten to 100, i.e. twenty to 40 dB. Start with feedback resistors R1 and R3 of 1k...

Here is a simple circuit diagram of mobile signal jammer. This circuit analysis is simple and easy. For any jammer circuit , remember that there are three main important circuits. When they are combined together, the output of that circuit will work as a jammer. The three circuits are RF amplifier. Voltage controlled oscillator. Tuning circuit. So the transistor Q1, capacitors C4 & C5 and resistor R1 constitute the RF amplifier circuit. This will amplify the signal generated by the tuned circuit. The amplification signal is given to the antenna through C6 capacitor. Capacitor C6 will remove the DC and allow only the AC signal which is transmitted in the air. When the transistor Q1 is turned ON, the tuned circuit at the collector will get turned ON. The tuned circuit consists of capacitor C1 and inductor L1. This tuned circuit will act as an oscillator with zero resistance. This oscillator or tuned circuit will produce the very high frequency with minimum damping. The both induct...

DCF77 Preamplifier Circuit Diagram  A popular project among microcontroller aficionados is to build a radio - controlled clock. Tiny receiver boards are available, with a pre-adjusted ferrite antenna, that receive and demodulate the DCF77 time signal broadcast from Mainf lingen in Germany. DCF77 has a range of about 1,000 miles . All the microcontroller need do is decode the signal and output the results on a display. The reception quality achieved by these ready-made boards tends to be proportional to their price. In areas of marginal reception a higher quality receiver is needed, and a small selective preamplifier stage will usually improve the situation further.  The original ferrite antenna is desoldered from the receiver module and connected to the input of the preamplifier. This input consists of a source follower (T1) which has very little damping effect on the resonant circuit. A bipolar transistor (T2) provides a gain of around 5 dB. The output signa...

Sight and Sound Metronome Circuit Diagram . Precise, adjustable control of beats per minute from a largo of 18 to a frenzied, high presto of 500, These beats are produced acoustically through a speaker. A light flashes at the same rate. When SW1 is closed, CI begins to charge through Rl and R2. Cl will eventually reach a voltage at which the emitter of uni junction transistor is switched on, `dumping` the energy stored in Cl into an 8 ohm speaker.  Sight and Sound Metronome Circuit Diagram To produce a distinct `plop`, brief pulses across T2 secondary drive Q2 into conduction. The extra gain of Q3 and Q4 are sufficient to briefly switch LI on, then o£f; as the pulse wave pas-ses. Capacitor C2 `stretches` the puise slightly to overcome the thermal inertia of the lamp, so that a bright flash occurs,.

This is the simple Car Temperature Gauge Circuit Diagram. The Car Temperature Gauge is basically the same circuit as March's project with some minor changes to the input circuit. This circuit will display the water temperature to 1 degree resolution.