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BASE WIDTH MODULATION IN TRANSISTORS

EARLY EFFECT AND BASE-WIDTH MODULATION IN TRANSISTORS (BJT) A BJT Transistor consisting of three terminals, collector, base, and Emitter and two Junctions, Emitter-Base Junction and Collector-Base Junction. Normally a bipolar Junction Transistor operates on three regions 1. ACTIVE REGION 2. SATURATION REGION 3. CUT-OFF REGION It is well explained in my previous article about Different Operating Modes and Biasing of Transistors,i hope you read it. Now back to our topic, EARLY EFFECT AND BASE-WIDTH MODULATION . In active region, the Emitter-Base Junction is forward biased and Collector-Base Junction is reverse biased, so the barrier width at Emitter-Base Junction is negligible in comparison with the space charge width at Collector-Base Junction. The transition or space-charge region at a Junction is the region of uncovered charges on both sides of the Junction. As the Voltage applied across the Junction increases, the transition region penetrates deeper into the Collector-Base Junction. ...

Detector Wireless Electricity Circuit Diagram

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This is a Simple Detector Wireless Electricity Circuit Diagram . This is more of those circuits quite simple, but very useful, especially in the electrical area. This detector is an electric probe, which can also be used to detect the presence of high voltage on the wires and also as a touch switch, then the LED may be replaced with a relay to connect and disconnect a device (but only when something is detected).  The circuit is very simple and consists of only three transistors, 3 resistors, 1 LED and a 9V battery. He has a high gain by being in Darlington transistors, and the probe (copper strip) is a small piece of copper or a wire.  Detector Wireless Electricity Circuit Diagram

New HTC launches Windows 8 based 8X and 8S Phones

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At New York event, HTC took the wraps of their latest Windows Phone devices. The higher-end HTC 8X comes with a 1.5GHz dual core Snapdragon S4 processor along with a 4.3 inch 720x1280 screen in a 0.39-inch thin form factor. It also features NFC, LTE radio and an 8-megapixel camera along with a dedicated button on the back as a 2 megapixel camera on the front. The HTC 8S comes with a 1GHz CPU and a 4' 800x400 resolution screen with a 5 megapixel camera. Both the HTC 8X and 8S are available in multiple colors such as red, blue and yellow. While they will be available in the US in November, we will try and find out the prices and availability for the Middle East and keep you updated.

Speed and direction converter circuit

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Digital Mains Voltage Indicator

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Continuous monitoring of the mains voltage is required in many ap-plications such as manual volt-age stabilisers and motor pumps. An ana-logue voltmeter, though cheap, has many disadvantages as it has moving parts and is sensitive to vibrations. The solidstate voltmeter circuit described here indicates the mains voltage with a resolution that is comparable to that of a general-pur-pose analogue voltmeter. The status of the mains voltage is available in the form of an LED bar graph. Presets VR1 through VR16 are used to set the DC voltages corresponding to the 16 voltage levels over the 50-250V range as marked on LED1 through LED16, respectively, in the figure. The LED bar graph is multiplexed from the bottom to the top with the help of ICs CD4067B (16-channel multiplexer) and CD4029B (counter). The counter clocked by NE555 timer-based astable multivibrator generates 4-bit binary ad-dress for multiplexer-demultiplexer pair of CD4067B and CD4514B. Circuit diagram: Digital Mains Voltag...

Solar Off Grid PV System

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Off-Grid Kits For our customers wanting to install a solar power system in remote areas, we offer our specially designed solar off-grid kits. These off-grid systems are designed for an easy self-installation in rural areas. click on image to enlarge Solar Off-Grid Kits are pre-designed and packaged solar systems. These make the planning and installation of solar systems very easy - just choose the right Solar Off-Grid Kits for your specific energy needs and we provide you with all pre-assembled components for the actual installation and operation. Our Solar Off-Grid Kits are pre-engineered solutions for all standard needs. We can also offer tailored off-grid systems based on your special needs. Our strong partners from around the world enable us to offer you the best possible solar energy solutions . We design and install customized off-grid solar systems for a wide range of customer groups ranging from telecommunication companies, government projects, to hotels and resorts. Our standa...

LED Circuit Project Using with 555 IC

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This is a very simple Electronic Circuit Project for LED Circuit Project Using with 555 IC. This circuit LED reproduces the first LED sequence at this time used by FISA on behalf of Formula single racing. It may perhaps be alive used with slot car sets (such for example HO shin up AFX/Life Like/Tyco sets) or else means of communication controlled cars. IC1, a 555 timer IC, is used as a watch pulse generator. Its output is fed via NAND gates IC2a and IC2c to IC3, a 4024 binary counter. IC2b inverts the O4 output of 4024 binary counter IC3. originally, IC3 is reset and all its outputs are low, together with O4, which causes IC2b to present-day a rational climax to the pin 8 input of IC2c which after that passes pulses from the 555 timer circuit to the clock input of the 4024. IC3 then begins together with. LED Circuit Project Using with 555 IC: Following the count has reached binary 1111, the subsequently pulse sends the O4 output of IC3 high, which disables IC2c and IC3 stops with. The...