single line diagram of a 132 33 kv substation




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Making an RIAA phono preamp

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Before we start today's blog post, I think I really need to clarify what we’re discussing. I’ve recently got back into vinyl in a big way. Part of the reason for this is the fantastic “Vinyl Decision” in Taipei, run by a couple of very fine gentlemen by the names of Mark and Terry ( https://www.facebook.com/VinylDecision / http://www.vinyldecision.com/ ). If you're in Taipei, and like music, pay them a visit. A recent purchase from there brought back memories of trying again, and again (and again) to play guitar like my guitar heroes as a teenager in the 1980s. In fact, vinyl is making quite a comeback worldwide. A lot of people are realizing that digital versions just lack some of the personality that vinyl can provide. Many of them are buying old record players/turntables and wiring them up to their modern amps. However, they are often disappointed to find that the output audio is very quiet and lacking bass. This is because records are/were recorded using a very specific f...
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5 1 surround amplifier circuit schematic

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This 5.1 surround amplifier circuit schematic use the IC AN7168 as the main component from this circuit . Minimum voltage required 12V and maximum voltage 24V , I recomended it 12 V because the voltage support on are components. But if you want to better a loud sound you can raise it.  Maximum power output 40W with impedance 4 ohm . This 5.1 surround amplifier circuit schematic also support to make surround sound or 5.1 speaker. Use this amplifier on rear speaker , left right , and center but dont use to subwoofer speaker. See 5.1 surround amplifier circuit schematic below : Click to view large If you want to make a 5.1 surround sound you must make 5 the circuit of 5.1 surround amplifier circuit schematic , for left and right speaker , rear left and right speaker , and center speaker. Use the subwoofer speaker with support amlplifier subwoofer circuit .
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LED Power Meter

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LED power Meter circuit is a simple RF detector using diodes to charge a capacitor. The voltage developed across the capacitor is indicated by a multimeter set to a low voltage range. The circuit is soldered together without the need for a PC board , as can be seen in the diagram below and paper clips are used for the positive and negative terminals of the multimeter. The level power output of an FM transmitter is indicated by the illumination of a LED and the voltage reading on the multimeter gives a further indication of the output. A digital multimeter may be used but the presence of RF may produce a false reading. Likewise, the radiated energy may upset some analogue meters and you may get full scale deflection on the 15v range as well as the 250v range! But the LED won't lie. It will accurately indicate the RF and you can see the change in brightness as you adjust the coils in the output stage. Some of the cheapest and simplest multimeters will give the best results as...
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